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CONGRESS meaning and definition

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What Does Congress Mean? A Beginner's Guide to Understanding the US Legislative Branch

In the United States, the legislative branch of government is known as Congress. It is a bicameral legislature, meaning it consists of two chambers: the House of Representatives and the Senate. But what does Congress mean, exactly?

The Origins of Congress

The concept of Congress dates back to the early years of American history. The Continental Congress, which was established in 1774, was a group of delegates from the various colonies that later became states. This body played a crucial role in the American Revolution and the drafting of the Declaration of Independence.

After the Revolutionary War, the Articles of Confederation created a loose alliance among the newly independent states. However, this system proved to be inadequate for governing the young nation, leading to the creation of the Constitution in 1787. The Constitution established the framework for the federal government, including the legislative branch, which came to be known as Congress.

The Two Chambers of Congress

Congress is divided into two chambers: the House of Representatives and the Senate. Each chamber has its own unique characteristics and responsibilities:

  1. House of Representatives: The House of Representatives is made up of 435 members, each representing a district in one of the 50 states. These representatives are elected by the people of their respective districts for a term of two years.
  2. Senate: The Senate has 100 members, with each state having two senators who serve six-year terms.

Congressional Responsibilities

The main responsibility of Congress is to make laws. This process typically begins when a member of Congress introduces a bill in one or both chambers. If the bill passes, it is sent to the President for signature or veto. In some cases, Congress may also override a presidential veto with a two-thirds majority vote.

Some other key responsibilities of Congress include:

  • Approving federal spending and budget plans
  • Confirming presidential appointments, such as Supreme Court justices and cabinet members
  • Conducting investigations and hearings on various issues
  • Providing oversight of the executive branch

The Power of Congressional Committees

Congress has several committees that play a crucial role in the lawmaking process. These committees are responsible for:

  1. Committee Hearings: Committee hearings allow lawmakers to gather information, hear testimony from experts and witnesses, and deliberate on various issues.
  2. Marking Up Bills: Committees can amend or modify bills before sending them to the full chamber for consideration.

Conclusion

In conclusion, Congress is a vital part of the US legislative system. It consists of two chambers – the House of Representatives and the Senate – and plays a key role in making laws, approving federal spending, and providing oversight of the executive branch. Understanding what Congress means and how it functions can help citizens better appreciate their government and the democratic process.

Additional Resources

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By understanding what Congress means, you can better navigate the complexities of American government and make informed decisions about your representation.

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