KERATOCONUS meaning and definition

Reading time: 2-3 minutes

Understanding Keratoconus: A Guide to This Common Eye Condition

Keratoconus is a progressive eye condition that affects the cornea, the clear dome-shaped surface at the front of the eye. Also known as conical corneal dystrophy, keratoconus is characterized by the thinning and bulging of the cornea, which can cause significant visual distortion and discomfort.

In this article, we will delve into what keratoconus means, its symptoms, causes, and treatment options to help you better understand this common eye condition.

What Does Keratoconus Mean?

Keratoconus is a Greek term that literally means "cone-shaped cornea." It refers to the abnormal shape of the cornea, which becomes conical in shape due to its thinning and bulging. This unique shape can cause significant changes in the way light enters the eye, leading to distorted vision.

Symptoms of Keratoconus

The symptoms of keratoconus typically develop over time and may include:

Distorted vision: Patients with keratoconus often experience blurred or hazy vision, double vision (diplopia), or ghosting.
Sensitivity to light: The abnormal corneal shape can cause increased sensitivity to light, making it uncomfortable for patients to wear contact lenses or tolerate bright lights.
Eye irritation: Keratoconus can lead to eye irritation, such as itching, burning, or stinging sensations.
Vision loss: If left untreated, keratoconus can progress and cause significant vision loss.

Causes of Keratoconus

The exact causes of keratoconus are not fully understood, but research suggests that it may be linked to:

Genetic factors: Keratoconus has been found to run in families, suggesting a possible genetic component.
Environmental triggers: Exposure to certain environmental toxins or allergens may contribute to the development of keratoconus.
Hormonal influences: Hormonal changes during puberty, pregnancy, or menopause may also play a role.

Treatment Options for Keratoconus

While there is no cure for keratoconus, various treatment options can help manage its symptoms and improve vision:

Glasses or contact lenses: Corrective eyewear can help alleviate some of the visual distortions associated with keratoconus.
Corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL): This minimally invasive procedure uses ultraviolet light to stiffen the cornea and halt its progression.
Intacs: Thin, ring-shaped implants called intacs can be inserted into the cornea to flatten its shape and improve vision.
Piggyback lenses: Specialized contact lenses designed for patients with keratoconus can provide improved vision and comfort.
Corneal transplantation (PK): In severe cases, a partial or full corneal transplant may be necessary to restore normal vision.

Conclusion

Keratoconus is a common eye condition that affects the shape of the cornea, leading to distorted vision and discomfort. Understanding its causes, symptoms, and treatment options can help patients better manage their condition and improve their quality of life. If you suspect you or someone you know may have keratoconus, consult with an eye care professional for a comprehensive evaluation and personalized guidance.