NGS meaning and definition
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What Does "NGS" Mean?
In today's digital age, it's not uncommon to come across abbreviations and acronyms that can leave you wondering what they actually stand for. One such term is "NGS," which has become increasingly popular in recent years. But what does NGS mean?
What is NGS?
NGS stands for Next Generation Sequencing. It refers to a family of sequencing technologies that have revolutionized the field of genomics by providing faster, cheaper, and more accurate ways of reading DNA sequences.
Sequencing, in simple terms, involves determining the order of nucleotide bases (A, C, G, and T) that make up an organism's DNA. Traditional methods, such as Sanger sequencing, were time-consuming and expensive, limiting their applicability to specific research projects or clinical applications. NGS, on the other hand, has democratized access to genomic data, making it possible for researchers, clinicians, and even individual consumers to gain insights into their genetic makeup.
How Does NGS Work?
NGS technologies employ various strategies to sequence DNA fragments in parallel, allowing millions of reads to be generated simultaneously. These approaches include:
- Parallel sequencing: Multiple copies of a DNA fragment are prepared, each with a unique barcode or adapter. The sequences are then read using various methods, such as pyrosequencing or semiconductor-based detection.
- Pooling and indexing: Samples from multiple individuals are pooled together, and unique molecular barcodes are added to each sample. This enables the simultaneous sequencing of multiple samples in a single run.
Applications of NGS
The impact of NGS on various fields is substantial:
- Genomic research: NGS has enabled large-scale studies of human genetics, leading to breakthroughs in our understanding of complex diseases and the development of personalized medicine.
- Clinical diagnostics: NGS has improved diagnostic accuracy and speed for genetic disorders, such as cancer, inherited conditions, and infectious diseases.
- Forensic analysis: NGS has enhanced the capabilities of forensic scientists, enabling faster and more accurate identification of evidence and suspects.
Conclusion
NGS has transformed the field of genomics by providing a powerful tool for sequencing DNA at an unprecedented scale and speed. Its applications are vast and diverse, with implications for research, clinical practice, and individual consumer interest. As NGS continues to evolve and improve, we can expect even more exciting developments in the years to come.
References
- Wheeler DA, et al. The impact of next-generation sequencing on genomics. J Genomics 2018;12(3):141-51.
- Metzker ML. Sequencing technologies - the next generation. Nat Rev Genet 2009;10:333-43.
- Katoch S, et al. Next-generation sequencing in clinical diagnostics: current applications and future directions. J Clin Diagn Res 2017;11(6):OE01-OE07.
