EXISTENTIALISM meaning and definition

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What Does Existentialism Mean?

Existentialism is a philosophical movement that has gained significant attention in the 20th century. This philosophy emphasizes individual freedom and choice, and the inherent meaninglessness of life. In this article, we will delve into the core principles of existentialism, its history, and its impact on modern society.

What is Existentialism?

Existentialism is a philosophical perspective that suggests that human beings have complete control over their own existence. It emphasizes individual freedom, choice, and responsibility for one's actions. This philosophy argues that life has no inherent meaning or purpose, and that it is up to each individual to create their own meaning.

The History of Existentialism

Existentialism has its roots in the 19th century with philosophers such as Friedrich Nietzsche, Søren Kierkegaard, and Martin Heidegger. However, it was not until the mid-20th century that existentialism gained widespread popularity through the works of philosophers like Jean-Paul Sartre and Albert Camus.

Core Principles of Existentialism

Individual Freedom: Existentialists believe that human beings have complete freedom to choose their own actions, thoughts, and experiences.
The Absurdity of Life: Existentialists argue that life is inherently meaningless and absurd, and that it is up to each individual to create their own meaning.
Responsibility: Individuals are responsible for creating their own meaning in life, and for taking control of their own existence.
Authenticity: Authentic individuals live honestly with themselves and others, without pretenses or false appearances.

The Impact of Existentialism

Existentialism has had a significant impact on modern society. It has influenced literature, art, music, and even politics. The philosophy's emphasis on individual freedom and responsibility has inspired social movements and revolutionized the way people think about themselves and their place in the world.

Famous Existentialists

Jean-Paul Sartre: A French philosopher who wrote extensively on existentialism, including his famous play "No Exit".
Albert Camus: A French philosopher who wrote novels such as "The Stranger" and "The Plague", which explored the absurdity of life.
Martin Heidegger: A German philosopher who developed the concept of "Being-in-the-world", which explores human existence and its relationship with the world.

Criticisms of Existentialism

Too Individualistic: Some critics argue that existentialism is too focused on individual freedom, and neglects the importance of community and social responsibility.
Too Pessimistic: Others argue that existentialism's emphasis on the absurdity of life can be overly pessimistic, and neglects the potential for human flourishing.

Conclusion

Existentialism is a complex and thought-provoking philosophy that has had a significant impact on modern society. Its emphasis on individual freedom, responsibility, and authenticity has inspired social movements and revolutionized the way people think about themselves and their place in the world. While it has its criticisms, existentialism remains an important philosophical movement that continues to shape our understanding of human existence.

References

Sartre, J-P. (1943). Being and Nothingness: An Essay on Phenomenological Ontology.
Camus, A. (1942). The Myth of Sisyphus.
Heidegger, M. (1927). Being-in-the-world: A German Existentialist Philosophy.

Note: This article is intended to provide a general overview of existentialism and its key principles. It is not meant to be an exhaustive or definitive treatment of the subject.

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